Pathological Fractures: Caused by Underlying Disease

Pathological fractures are a type of fracture that occurs when a bone breaks under normal strain or with minimal trauma, due to an underlying disease weakening the bone. These fractures are different from traumatic fractures, which occur due to a specific injury or accident. Pathological fractures are often caused by conditions such as osteoporosis, bone cancer, osteomyelitis, and metabolic bone disorders.

One of the most common causes of pathological fractures is osteoporosis, a condition characterized by weak and brittle bones. Osteoporosis occurs when the body loses too much bone, makes too little bone, or both. As a result, the bones become porous and weak, making them more prone to fractures. Pathological fractures in patients with osteoporosis can occur even with minor falls or bumps, leading to fractures in the hip, spine, or wrist.

Another cause of pathological fractures is bone cancer, which can weaken the bone structure and make it more susceptible to fractures. Primary bone tumors or metastatic tumors that spread to the bones can damage the bone tissue and compromise its integrity, leading to fractures. In addition to causing pain and limited mobility, pathological fractures in cancer patients can also indicate disease progression and the need for further treatment.